Emotional Intelligence in Social Work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1126 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Emotional Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? Emotional intelligence is described as ones own ability to recognize, understand, and control their thoughts and feelings. It is being able to cope with stressful situations, controls urges, and allowing time to process before responding. In addition, to being conscious of your emotions, we must be able to understand others emotions through observations and non-verbal communication. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emotional Intelligence in Social Work" essay for you Create order One who is able to demonstrate emotional intelligence has the ability to demonstrate empathetic perspective-taking, self-monitoring in social situations, social skills, interpersonal sensitivity, pro-social tendencies, emotional stability, impulse control, adaptive defense styles, resilience, and the absence of psychopathology (Wang, 2012, p. 1). Having increased emotional intelligence is critical to social workers as it can reduce burnout and stress, create a more positive work environment, and shows resilience to the population we are serving. According to Morrison (2012), before a worker can understand the power of emotion in the life of the client, it is necessary to discover its importance in the workers own experience (p. 251). Without emotional intelligence, social workers can potentially project their own thoughts and feelings onto those they are serving. The following are the five areas viewed under emotional intelligence. Relationships Building a trusting, therapeutic relationship is imperative in the initial engagement stage with clients so it is important that we have the ability to engage, empathize, and effectively communicate with them. In my own experience, I strive to make a first impression with the families I am serving, to inspire them to see there is hope in their situation, and to bring out their resiliency that they have been able to display thus far. I work collaboratively with the children and parents to identify their strengths both individually and as a family unit. It is critical to get families to buy in during the early stages of engagement, so I utilize a wraparound approach to show families that I am working to meet their holistic needs rather than just providing a service. I show the families I am human too and share in their experiences. When I go out into the community, I often dress more casually to connect better with my families and break the barrier of a state worker coming to their hom e. I communicate that I am there to support them and that we are in the process together. Tolerance Tolerance is the ability to interact with others of a different cultural background and varying beliefs or values but yet respect their path and their viewpoint. It is also how one is able to manage their emotions when confronted with stressors. Our responses to stressors are shaped by our experiences from early childhood so we have to learn appropriate self-care skills that will result in planful problem solving as opposed to avoidance, cognitive appraisal rather than wishful thinking, seeking support rather than withdraw, and expressing rather than suppressing emotions (Morrison, 2012, p. 259). Self-care is important as a social worker both within the workplace and outside of the workplace. At work, I receive support from my supervisor during weekly supervision as well as from my co-workers through group supervision. We integrate monthly team building activities into our office to cope with the daily stresses of our families. Personally, I feel that am cultural sensitive to the com munity I serve and try to be aware of the familys beliefs. I will ask clarifying questions to better understand and educate myself. As an agency, I feel that we do not do enough internally to create an atmosphere that is fully inclusive of everyones values and there is stigma associated with the population we serve that management has not broken down thus resulting in high turnover. Flexibility Flexibility is when you are open to integrating new ideas and approaches, share multiple perspectives, and are adaptable. According to Wang (2012), one needs to perceive and comprehend anothers expectations and adjust ones own goals and behavior accordingly in order to showcase flexibility (p. 6). I have to be flexible to achieve all the tasks that I need as crisis can always arise either at work or in my personal life. I prioritize tasks and have developed good time management skills to achieve all my goals. I enjoy hearing others perspective and engaging in healthy discussions and feel that I have the ability to compromise when necessary or support my viewpoint with evidence. Self-Management Self-Management is the ability to identify and manage your emotions as well as to engage in health decision-making. Your decisions should align with your core values and align with ethical standards. I continue to practice my self-management skills by taking responsibility for my actions in situations, knowing when I need to admit fault or apologize, and know when I am not comfortable with a situation. I lean on my supervisor when needed, especially when dealing with a situation that I have not encountered before. After the situation occurs, I will process with her about what occurred and try to learn from my mishaps. Emotional Awareness Emotional awareness is being aware of ones own emotions and how these emotions change in certain scenarios, as well as being aware of others emotions (Wang, 2012, p. 14). One needs to be able to identify the emotion before it comes out and be able to verbalize what they are feeling in an appropriate way. When one is not able to do this as a social worker, we will not be able to fully understand someone elses perspective and miss out on important information that guides the therapeutic process. I continue to grow each day with my emotional regulation across all settings and strive to use my coping skills that I came up with such as deep breathing, taking a 5 minute time out, and going for a walk. I continue to learn my triggers and can identify my warning signs. I continue to work on being able to identify someone elses nonverbal communication and how to handle their emotions in the moment. Conclusion Emotional Intelligence is necessary for social workers to be effective in working with a highly vulnerable population. If we are not able to recognize our own emotions, which directly affect our actions, how are we going to effective treat the vulnerable population. Social workers have to be flexible in their thinking and approaches, tolerant of others viewpoints, and engage in healthy decision-making in order to help others have positive outcomes. We all can continuously work on our own emotional intelligence and be conscientious of others emotions. References Morrison, T. (2007). Emotional intelligence, emotion, and social work: context, characteristics, complications, and contribution. British Journal of Social Work, 37, 245-263. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bc1016 Wang, N., Wilhite, S. C., Wyatt, J., Young, T., Bloemkerm G. (2012). Impact of a college freshman social and emotional learning curriculum on student learning outcomes: An exploratory study. Journal of University Teaching Learning Practice, 9 (2), 1-20 Emotional Intelligence in Social Work - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1215 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Work Essay Did you like this example? Emotions are feelings and behaviors that can be observed. They guide how people act and react to everyday situations. Emotional intelligence is described as someones ability to control impulses dealing with emotions, acknowledge their own emotions and acknowledge emotions in others, and help create better relationship skills (Morrison, 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Emotional Intelligence in Social Work" essay for you Create order The higher ones emotional intelligence, the better equipped they are to deal with disagreements and cope with stressful situations. In high stress careers involving working with people, it is important to understand ones emotional intelligence to see where one stands, and to lessen the level of burden that stress takes (Ogi?„ska-Bulik, 2005). In the career of Social Work, it is vitally important to have a high degree of emotional intelligence to make a positive impact and become a competent mentor (Morrison, 2007). The worker must be able to recognize their own emotions and how they can impact their life before helping solve a clients emotional stressors. A lack of self-awareness can result in personal biases affecting their observations, as well as crucial information not being picked up on (Morrison, 2007). Not only must a worker be able to have emotional awareness, they also need to understand the impact that empathy has on the helping relationship. They must be able to recognize where someone else is coming from to better understand how to help them cope with hardships or sadness. For my understanding of emotional intelligence, I will distinguish between the different domains and assess the areas to understand my level of emotional intelligence. Domains of Emotional Intelligence Relationships Definition of relationships. The first domain involves relationships and social skills. This skill is involved with the ability to have strong connections with others, to find common ground with others, to motivate and guide others, and the ability to resolve difficult situations or conflicts using negotiation or persuasion (Wang, Wilhite, Wyatt, Young, Bloemker, 2012). Self-evaluation of relationships. When I look at my level of skill involving relationships, I believe I have moderate to high levels in this area. I believe I am skilled in finding common ground with others and being a positive resource for others. In my personal life, my friends always come to me for support because they appreciate the advice I give them, and they know I can help them solve problems. In my professional life, I believe I stand at moderate levels because I am less confident in my skills to resolve conflicts and dispute. I do not enjoy confrontation and would much rather have everyone get along. If coworkers need help though, I am always there for extra support. Tolerance Definition of tolerance. Having skills of tolerance includes the ability to understand others emotions and points of view, respecting and valuing the difference another person brings, as well as positively accepting and handling negative critiques of oneself (Wang et al., 2012). It also involves being interested in another persons problems or values, even if they are opposite of yours. Self-evaluation of tolerance. I believe I have high levels of tolerance in both my personal and professional life. I understand the value diversity brings to every situation and I always choose to respect someones opinion, no matter how much it differs from my own. I also have grown up with high levels of diversity all around me and I believe it has helped shaped me into the person I am today. I try to understand that someones background and beliefs are different from mine, but that does not mean they have less value as a person. I have always believed in treating someone with the same respect as I would want them to treat me, and that is key in any relationship, but especially in a helping relationship. Flexibility Definition of flexibility. Flexibility involves the ability to adapt to changing situations, as well as having perseverance in the face of adversity. It is being able to change your lifestyle depending on the situation that comes up (Wang et al., 2012). It also involves being flexible in the way one thinks, which creates a more mature and emotionally competent individual. Self-evaluation of flexibility. I believe I excel in this area of emotional intelligence. Having grown up in a home dealing with poverty, and attending a boarding school for 10 years, I have mastered the areas of adapting to life situations and perseverance in the face of adversity. I do contribute a lot of that success to my external protective factors, but I also understand my internal protective factors such as my positive mindset that helped make that happen. Not only do I have those characteristics, but I also believe I can be highly flexible when needed. When I work with children, the schedule can change frequently, and therefore, I have to come up with new ideas on the spot. I understand the importance of routines, but I also understand the importance of having back-up ideas in case things change. Self-Management Definition of self-management. Self-management skills are involved with the ability to control ones impulses, responding appropriately to others actions even when aggravated, how well someone considers their actions before they react, as well as how someone maintains a clear head when under pressure (Wang et al., 2012). Self-evaluation of self-management. When I think of my level of self-management, I think I have improved greatly over the years. In one area in particular I would always catch myself trying to control my feelings of anger, were situations involving road rage. I have been trying to create a more mindful life and part of that is thinking before you react and not allowing yourself to get worked up over something small. I now understand someone elses actions do not necessarily have an impact on my life, and there are other things I should focus my attention on. Emotional Awareness Definition of emotional awareness. The final area of emotional intelligence involves emotional awareness. This domain involves someone being able to correctly identify how they are feeling, as well as how those feelings can impact others. They are confident in how they express their emotions and are able to use the right emotions in the right place and context. Self-evaluation of emotional awareness. When I reflect on my level self-awareness regarding emotions, I think I have not mastered this area, but I have shown growth over the years. Previously, I would be afraid to talk about how I am feeling with others and did not want to think it is okay to be sad or mad sometimes. It has taken a lot to understand any emotion is valid, it is just how you respond with that emotion. By teaching preschoolers their emotions, it helps me to reflect on how I can do better, or react differently in front of the students, and even with family and friends. Conclusion In conclusion, emotional intelligence involves the ability to understand ones own emotions and in others, acknowledge how to react when dealing with certain emotions, and to learn how to create better relationships skills at the same time. In the role of social work, it is also important to understand ones own emotions to better help the clients. If a person cannot understand their emotions and effects, they are not able to help their clients cope with their issue, and not able to help their clients understand their own emotions.

The Portrayal Of Postpartum Depression - 1581 Words

The Portrayal of Postpartum-Depression in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† â€Å"The Yellow wallpaper† is a story about a woman going through a mental breakdown. She has recently had a baby and is suffering from postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Charlotte portrays postpartum depression very accurately in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. She writes about how others do not understand her needs and how they will not listen to what she wants to say. Postpartum depression is a serious form of depression that affects not only the person experiencing it but the others around them as well. Women everywhere suffer from this form of depression. These women are going through something very serious and need as much support as they can get. Charlotte†¦show more content†¦An article on postpartum depression states â€Å"70 to 80 percent of women who have given birth experience what are called the ‘baby blues’ or the ‘fourth-day blues’ â€Å"(Postpartum Depression). The â€Å"baby blues† and â €Å"fourth-day blues† have symptoms of mood-swings, unhappiness, anxiety, irritability, or restlessness and these symptoms will often go away or lessen without medical intervention (Postpartum Depression). If someone experiences these symptoms they are not automatically classified with having PPD. The definition of postpartum depression is â€Å"A physical and emotional condition that may be life-threatening, involving the symptoms of depression occurring from a month to a year following childbirth and thought to be caused in part to dramatic hormonal shifts occurring in conjunction with childbirth† (Postpartum Depression). Indications of postpartum depression include sorrow, insomnia, periodic crying, irritability, lack of energy and motivation, diminished feelings of self-worth, restlessness, guilt, unexplained weight changes, irrational fears and being overwhelmed. There is a difference between postpartum depression and just having the â€Å"baby blues†. Postpartum depression is severe and lasts for a longer amount of time compared to â€Å"the baby blues†. The â€Å"baby blues† will not affect how you care for your child. Postpartum depression interferes with the mother’s ability to care for herself and her child.Show MoreRelatedMental Di sorders And The United States1370 Words   |  6 PagesMany people completely misunderstand mental disorders and don’t bother trying to correct mistakes made by themselves or others. Depression is no exception. Although it is one of the most common mental disorders categorized in the United States, how is it still such an issue? Although it is so common many people do not recognize the signs in others due to media portrayal, gender stereotypes, and the many misconceptions about this serious mental disorder. People s moods never stay the same, theyRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1929 Words   |  8 PagesGilman, the author of the realism story The Yellow Wallpaper, struggled with depression, which makes a great connection between her and the narrator. Realism, which is an accurate and detailed portrayal of actual life, is what Gilman used to describe how women were treated in the 1890’s and how depression can affect one’s body. The author uses the unnamed narrator in this story to explain the reality and horrors of depression in the 18th century. The purpose was to inform her readers of how mistreatedRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn popular culture depression has become a thing that is seemingly almost sought after. A lot of youth use depression to have an edge or some kind of thing that makes them different. I feel like this ideology invalidates people with real mental illness and diagnosed depressio n. I say this but have also fallen victim to this aesthetic or aura that a lot of people portray. Although hard to define, depression can basically be summed up to be the lack of hope or courage pertaining to your life. It causesRead MoreMedi Gender And Crime1771 Words   |  8 PagesYates who was responsible for drowning five of her children. It was documented that Yates had been suffering from postpartum depression. She was suicidal and tried to kill herself on numerous occasion and she was admitted to the hospital where they prescribed her antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs. A month later after another 2 suicide attempts she was diagnosed with postpartum psychosis. Her doctor strongly advised her to not have any more children but she ignored the doctor’s recommendationRead MoreAdolescent Motherhood Should Be Paid Attention Too2083 Words   |  9 PagesAdolescent motherhood should be a major concern for our country. Teens in the United States are more likely to give birth than any other industrialized country in the world. (Kearney Levine, 2012) The article, Upda te on Adolescent Motherhood and Postpartum Depression states, â€Å"adolescent motherhood is a common and costly phenomenon with almost half a million American girls becoming mothers every year in the U.S.† (McGuinness, Medrano Hodges, 2013) This is one reason why the topic of adolescent motherhoodRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1326 Words   |  6 Pages straightforward approach. She has written over two hundred pieces of fiction, mainly in short stories, in periodicals, and in her own Forerunner magazine (Butterworth). Gilman’s own experiences of being trapped in a marriage, suffering postpartum depression, and experiencing the rest cure prescribed by her physician Silas Weir Mitchell at his Philadelphia sanatorium, caused her to have a mental breakdown thus inspiring her famous short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† in 1892 (Hudock). â€Å"The YellowRead MoreAnalysis Of Maus By Art Spiegelman1175 Words   |  5 Pagesconsolin g nature. Many times in the book when Vladek speaks about his past, we can see him comforting and consoling many people, one of the recurring people is his wife Anja. After Anja gave birth to her first son, Richeu, she suffered from Postpartum depression. Vladek left his textile industry in the hands of his father-in-law, and went to the sanitarium in order to comfort and help Anja get better quickly. Another instance in which Vladek is seen comforting Anja is when he tells her that the storageRead MoreMaus, By Spiegelman, And How They Survived The Holocaust1180 Words   |  5 PagesFurthermore, Vladek had a comforting and consoling nature. Countless occasions in the book shows Vladek comforting and consoling people, one of the recurring people is his wife Anja. After Anja gave birth to her first son, Richeu, she suffered from Postpartum depression. Vladek left his textile industry in the hands of his father-in-law, and went wth her to the sanitarium in order to comfort and help he r get better quickly. Another instance in which Vladek comforts Anja is, when he tells her that the storageRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Gilman is a chilling portrayal of a woman’s downward spiral towards madness after undergoing treatment for postpartum depression in the 1800’s. The narrator, whose name remains nameless, represents the hundreds of middle to upper- class women who were diagnosed with â€Å"hysteria† and prescribed a â€Å"rest† treatment. Although Gilman’s story was a heroic attempt to â€Å"save people from being driven crazy† (GilmanRead MoreSummary Of Maus By Art Spiegelman Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagessomething that affected her dramatically. again the dehumanizing effects of the ghettos and the loss of her family cause anja to become damaged but before this even happen before the Holocaust even started anja suffering from mental illness the postpartum depression that she suffered from is outlined on page 33 when she is on a striped couch saying I have a good family a fine son I should be happy but I just don t care I just don t want to live. Richau being born put her as much of a prison as Burknau

Health Care Indicators for Administering Treatment- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Care Indicators for Administering Treatment. Answer: Introduction: Indicators of safety and quality in the health care systems or centers are the substances or situations that are considered crucial in administering treatment and care to a patient (Aiken et al. 2012). The indicators are to be detected before the analytical phase of any treatment for any type of patient. The detection is important before the initiation process of the treatment because most of the errors associated to a particular care giving procedure happens in this particular phase. The indicators help to keep several drastic consequences in check by highlighting the implications associated with it (Anhang Price et al. 2014). The safety indicators help the practitioner and caregiver to examine the faulty situation of the patient and provide the patient with an environment safe for them. The quality indicators are considered as they are integral in significantly improving the quality of care giving to the patient under treatment within a center of health care. The report involves review of a literature that incorporates the two types of indicators under examination (safety and quality indicators). It puts emphasis on the importance of inculcation of the indicators in the caregiving process. The importance of incorporation of indicator is discussed in the report, it also emphasizes on the ways the indicators are utilized to give care to the patients in an enhanced way. Solutions of clinical problem done by the usage of Plan to Study Act (PDSA) cycle. Indicator of quality and safety in overall treatment procedure: The analysis of indicators in any caregiving set up is important to ensure a smooth recovery process of a patient. Indicators of quality are termed to be a measurement procedure that helps in the evaluation process of all the integral domains involved in the laboratory examinations. It should be able to provide implications from all the critical steps that are involved in the testing process. It should also increase the effectiveness of caregiving, safety of the patient, enhance personalized caregiving, and reduce the time required for the recovery. During the analysis of indicator especially in the pre-treatment period, several steps should be kept in check to avoid complication in the procedure of recovery (Blas and Fixsen 2013). There are several indicators that were drawn by the Agency for health care research and quality (AHRQ), the agency has incorporated indicators in such a way that it has an approach that is multi-dimensional. The indicators are supposed to be easily measura ble and accessible (Thao et al. 2015). The ability of the indicator to gage the performance of an examination process should be high. The indicator of quality should also be based on various available evidences that can be used to find difference in the quality of protocol and procedure followed by the care provider. There are different types of modules that are under implementation, the prevention, inpatient, pediatric and patient safety quality indicators (Sears et al. 2013). Analysis of the potential indicators is of major importance. Quality indicator- Medication error: Out of all the indicators that denotes errors in medication appropriateness or accuracy of the medicines provided is of major importance. As mentioned in the previous sections that the medical needs of the patients should be evaluated and commemorated precisely by the practitioners. Errors in medication can have effect on the professional life of practitioner as well as caregivers. The life of the patient under treatment is crucial, errors cannot be accepted as it can have detrimental effect on the patient. Indicator study helps to reduce such faulty workings in a system (Ramanathan et al. 2013). The process will be elaborated in the following sections. Indicators of safety and quality in errors associated with medication: Medication is integral in the recovery process of any patient irrespective of the ailment that the patient is dealing with. A treatment cannot be completed without the incorporation of drugs and medicines. The cases under a care provider requires to be administered the right medicine at the right time. The medication can be checked for it validation in two different setups, firstly the formulation of should be analyzed (Runciman et al. 2012). The composition of a commercialized drug should always be examined after the production of the product. Several steps are involved during the making of such medications. Every step that is incorporated in the process is crucial for examination as each ingredient in the drug is important. Presence of several different components of drug can produce hyper-sensitive reactions among the patients, the composition study is crucial before administration of the drug to the patient. The incorporation of incorrect ingredients in the drug remains unchecked because of mismanagement of the process of formulation. If the formulation is fabricated, the patient can be effected due to it and the reason behind the effect will remain unknown for a longer period of time because the of the fabrication ingredient list provided in the packaging (Hajibabaee et al. 2014). During administration of drug to the patient, the prescribed drugs should be kept in check. The prescription of drugs is of major importance. Sufferers are known to have inimical effects due to the administration of incorrect drugs to them (Carayon et al. 2014). Several cases of death are noted annually because of incorrect prescription of drugs. The evaluation process of the indicator associated with prescription of medication should be made compact and feasible. The prescribed drugs should be under evaluation of senior practitioner so that the process yields a positive patient outcome in a short period of time. The care procedure that has to be provided to a particular person, highly depends on the medication the person is under. The care providers duty exponentially reduces if the practitioner prescribes the right drug (Hacker and Walker 2013). The medicines act as care givers by themselves. The medicines act as a catalyst in the recovery process of patients suffering from any ailment. It can either be a boon or bane to the people. All of it depends on the formulation and administration of the drug. Other than incorporation of the right medication, the timings at which they are meaning consumed by the patients is of significance too (Untzer et al. 2012). Narrative of a patient who dealt with medication error: There are many cases of medication errors that have been noted in the past. A patient in the city of Sydney, suffered from numerous side effects as an impact incorrect administration of medicines. The person was suffering from typhoid and was admitted in a private hospital of Sydney. The medicines that he was administered were of jaundice. For several weeks the condition of the person did not improve but deteriorated. The impact of the drugs was so drastic that the patient was unconscious at a stretch of 3 days. After re-diagnosis of the persons condition the medicines were changed but as an impact of the wrong medicines, the person had severe weakness for more than six months. These consequences can be eradicated by analysis of the indicators. Literature review of an article on quality indicator of a laboratory setup: The article that is considered for reviewing includes the important indicators that are required for improvement of the process of preparation of medicines and administering the medicines to the patients (Risdiana, Kristin and Utarina 2015). The authors facilitate understanding of the different indicator of medication errors based on the present evidences like the process of administration, structure of the care process and the outcome from the caregiving procedure. The objective was to study the process of caregiving process in terms of the preparation and administration process of the medicines prescribed by the practitioners. Several methodologies were studied by the researchers to fulfill their objective. The method included documentary searches in association with studying the pattern of present health care set ups like hospital and other clinics. According to the authors the process of medication is prone to varied number of errors and it leads to vulnerable situations. The process requires the inculcation five different step, beginning with prescription, as described before the practitioner should be precautious while prescribing the medicines. The patient may have sensitivity towards certain drugs, the doctors have the duty to examine the past exposure to drugs and if there was any occurrence of allergy cases (Keers et al. 2013). The next step requires verification of the drugs to be administered. The third step involves the preparation or dispensing of the drug prescribed. Fourth step is administration of the drugs to the patient. The sixth and the last step is monitoring the consumption pattern of the drugs by the patient. The study involved the search mediated finding to get information about the previous research works on the same findings. It helps the researchers to comprehend the previously available data and decreas es the time it takes to deduce such notions (Siesling et al. 2015). The researchers. The setup under consideration is a private hospital situated in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The setup study was done and found to have incidences of error in medication even after having an optimal level work from the staffs. The authors proposed to twenty three types of indicators to the experts in the hospital under consideration for inculcation, to improve their situation of medication error crisis. The indicator were of Delphi method. Out of the twenty three proposed indicators, eighteen were taken into account by the experts for implementation. Most of the indicators were technically measurable (sixteen). The incorporation of the indicators were valuated stage by stage by the examiners. The result of the evaluation was positive. The indicators that were implemented were declared to be appropriate as the patient outcome immensely improved. The staffs were also satisfied by the inculcation as it reduced the time taken for recovery of patients which reduced the work of the caregivers. All the sixteen types of indicators were appreciated and acknowledged by the authorities of the hospital. Utilization of PDSA cycle to use medication error indicator for solving problems related to clinical set ups: The plan do study and act cycle is a four stage process for solving problems related to inculcation of change (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). The plan to study act cycle includes the development of procedure or plans to examine a change in set up (plan), carrying the test out (do), analyzing the resultant by observing the results or the consequences associated with it (study) and modifying the change according to the necessities (Act). This model is very commonly used by a large number of institutes to improve care giving process to the patients (Donnelly and Kirk 2015). Medication errors can be minimized rather eradicated by the incorporation of systems like PDSA cycle. Indicators of medication errors like the prescription, formulation and administration steps are crucial to minimize such errors. The process should be planned in such way so that no steps of the care process are left from evaluation. The first step of treatment procedure where errors can occur is during analyzing a patient's condition and prescribing drugs, in this procedure evaluation is generally found to be faulty when the practitioner is inexperienced (Risdiana, Kristin and Utarina 2015). In this step the reevaluation of prescription by senior practitioners can reduce the faulty situation that takes place due to it. The second step is the formulation of the prescribed medicines, the process that is incorporated in making of the rugs is a crucial step to be monitored. The different stages of the formulation should be inspected by quality analysts regularly, the composition should be kept intact and the quantities or proportion of ingredients should be carefully assessed by experienced chemists. This diminishes the faults done by amateur technicians and compounders (Fox, Sweet and Jensen 2014). There should also be a microbiologist to check the microbial load in the formulated medicine. This reduces the chances of incorrect formulation, as well as keeps interference of microbes in check. The third step that is prone to medication errors is the administration of the drugs to the patients, this step can be easily assessed and improved by the caregivers (Chawla and Davis 2013). This procedure requires patience of the caregiver to evaluate the medicine that are prescribed by the doctors. Monitoring the action of the caregivers can be done by regular examination of the procedure by senior caregivers or matrons. All the described indicators are measureable as the percentage of positive patient outcome can acknowledge the incorporation of such procedures and indicators. Evaluation of the setup change done by implementation of the PDSA cycle: The proposed set up for improvement of the conditions causing medication error can be evaluated by inculcation of teams in the health care system when the indicators are incorporated based on the PDSA cycle. The team should comprise of members specialized in the steps that the set up inculcates ((Zrelak et al. 2012)). To assess problems related medication errors, the team should consists of health personnel having idea about the implication of medicines in the initial step, there should be a chemist and microbiologist for assessing the steps involved the formulation of the drugs. To check the making process and its improvement percentage. The step of administration of the drug should be evaluated by a health personnel who has the knowledge of the ideologies that are required to be included while giving care and administering medicines to a patient. Hence it can be said that the process can be evaluated by inculcation of a team consisting of four members with knowledge of the working of health care set ups. The inculcation of PDSA cycle helps in monitoring process by providing a planned and organized framework for working (Secanell et al. 2014). The planning, and doing as planned by studying the set up and acting upon the necessities yield highly improved results as can be seen in many hospitals around the world who have implemented such frameworks to assist the clinicians in the care giving process. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the errors that arise in a health care set up can be reduced by analyzing the indicators that can help in improving the condition of the health care centers. The errors related to medication can be reduced by examining the steps where the faulty situations occur more often. Several ideologies can be implemented in the live set ups for depletion of the errors. The evaluation of the centers is also crucial after inculcation of such methodologies to check the effectiveness of the procedures. Literature review helps in understanding the resultants that the incorporation of indicators have. It gives an example of actually existing organization that is inculcating the available indicators for its improvement. Plan do study and act cycle is one of the most commonly used procedure for enhancing the conditions of a setup. Planning a process for inculcation in the health care centers doing or implementing the plan studying the setup post inculcation of the planning and acting accordingly is of major importance. The faulty situations that arise in the hospital and other health care clinics as a result of medication errors, can be kept in check by implementing frameworks made according to the PDSA cycle. The three stages those need assessment, that is, the prescription making process, formation of medicine and administration of the medicine process should be planned and analyzed according to the PDSA cycle. It decreases the faulty working in the system that leads to such errors. After the implementation of steps by incorporation of the cycle, the set ups also need to be evaluated, the evaluation process is of significance. In case of medication error, four member teams favorably helps to assess the procedure. Hence it can be deduced from the report that framework inculcation can exponentially increases the efficiency of a health care organization. Betterment of health organization in the present scenario is poss ible only by the incorporation of existing frameworks is of at most significance. References: Aiken, L.H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D.M., Busse, R., McKee, M., Bruyneel, L., Rafferty, A.M., Griffiths, P., Moreno-Casbas, M.T. and Tishelman, C., 2012. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, p.e1717. Anhang Price, R., Elliott, M.N., Zaslavsky, A.M., Hays, R.D., Lehrman, W.G., Rybowski, L., Edgman-Levitan, S. and Cleary, P.D., 2014. Examining the role of patient experience surveys in measuring health care quality.Medical Care Research and Review,71(5), pp.522-554. Blase, K. and Fixsen, D., 2013. Core Intervention Components: Identifying and Operationalizing What Makes Programs Work. ASPE Research Brief.US Department of Health and Human Services. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T.B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A.J., Hundt, A.S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R. and Gurses, A.P., 2014. Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), pp.14-25. Chawla, N.V. and Davis, D.A., 2013. Bringing big data to personalized healthcare: a patient-centered framework.Journal of general internal medicine,28(3), pp.660-665. Donnelly, P. and Kirk, P., 2015. Use the PDSA model for effective change management.Education for Primary Care,26(4), pp.279-281. Fox, E.R., Sweet, B.V. and Jensen, V., 2014. Drug shortages: a complex health care crisis. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 361-373). Gillam, S. and Siriwardena, A.N., 2013. Frameworks for improvement: clinical audit, the plan-do-study-act cycle and significant event audit.Quality in Primary Care,21(2). Hacker, K. and Walker, D.K., 2013. Achieving population health in accountable care organizations.American journal of public health,103(7), pp.1163-1167. Hajibabaee, F., Joolaee, S., Peyravi, H., Alijany?Renany, H., Bahrani, N. and Haghani, H., 2014. Medication error reporting in Tehran: a survey.Journal of nursing management,22(3), pp.304-310. Keers, R.N., Williams, S.D., Cooke, J. and Ashcroft, D.M., 2013. Prevalence and nature of medication administration errors in health care settings: a systematic review of direct observational evidence.Annals of Pharmacotherapy,47(2), pp.237-256. Ramanathan, R., Leavell, P., Stockslager, G., Mays, C., Harvey, D. and Duane, T.M., 2013. Validity of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety Indicators at an academic medical center.The American Surgeon,79(6), pp.578-582. Risdiana, I., Kristin, E. and Utarina, A. (2015). Identification of Medication Error Indicators at a Private Hospitalin Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(12), pp.1090-1095. Runciman, W.B., Hunt, T.D., Hannaford, N.A., Hibbert, P.D., Westbrook, J.I., Coiera, E.W., Day, R.O., Hindmarsh, D.M., McGlynn, E.A. and Braithwaite, J., 2012. CareTrack: assessing the appropriateness of health care delivery in Australia.The Medical Journal of Australia,197(2), pp.100-105. Sears, K., O'Brien-Pallas, L., Stevens, B. and Murphy, G.T., 2013. The relationship between the nursing work environment and the occurrence of reported paediatric medication administration errors: A pan Canadian study.Journal of pediatric nursing,28(4), pp.351-356. Secanell, M., Groene, O., Arah, O.A., Lopez, M.A., Kutryba, B., Pfaff, H., Klazinga, N., Wagner, C., Kristensen, S., Bartels, P.D. and Garel, P., 2014. Deepening our understanding of quality improvement in Europe (DUQuE): Overview of a study of hospital quality management in seven countries.International journal for quality in health care,26(suppl_1), pp.5-15. Siesling, S., Wouters, M.W.J.M., van Dalen, T., Rutgers, E.J.T. and Peeters, P.H.M., 2015. The value of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence as a quality indicator: hospital variation in the Netherlands.Annals of surgical oncology,22(3), pp.522-528. Thao, N.H., Tuan, N.D., Heuvel, E.V.D., Ruskamp, F.H. and Taxis, K., 2015. Medication Errors in Vietnamese Hospitals: Prevalence, Potential Outcome and Associated Factors. Untzer, J., Chan, Y.F., Hafer, E., Knaster, J., Shields, A., Powers, D. and Veith, R.C., 2012. Quality improvement with pay-for-performance incentives in integrated behavioral health care.American Journal of Public Health,102(6), pp.e41-e45. Zrelak, P.A., Utter, G.H., Sadeghi, B., Cuny, J., Baron, R. and Romano, P.S., 2012. Using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators for targeting nursing quality improvement.Journal of nursing care quality,27(2), pp.99-108.

Process Design in Operations Management free essay sample

1. Introduction 1. 1 Blantyre Adventist Hospital Blantyre Adventist Hospital (BAH) is a 35-bed hospital with outpatient clinics and two operating theaters located in Blantyre which is one of Malawi’s commercial cities. It is a private hospital which is run by the Seventh Day Adventist Church in Malawi. The hospital employees more than six hundred people including doctors and nurses. 1. 2 Bakers Pride Limited Bakers Pride Limited is a confectionery company baking bread, rolls, cakes, pies and pastries. Bread is the company’s main product and is sold to a cross section of customers who take it along with tea for their breakfast. The company’s products are sold through supermarkets, food shops, grocery stores and the company’s own shops which sell bread sandwiches, snacks for take-out or on-premise consumption with tea or soft drinks. 1. Differences between Blantyre Adventist Hospital and Bakers Pride Limited The following presentation compares and contrasts Blantyre Adventist Hospital which is basically a services output organisation and Bakers Pride Limited which is a product output organisation in the following areas: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Design in Operations Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The process of transformation of inputs to outputs . Process and capacity design. 3. Supply chain management. 4. Scheduling. 2. 1. The process of transformation of inputs to outputs The creation of goods or services involves transforming or converting inputs into outputs. (William J. Stevenson 8th Ed. : 4). 2. 1. 1 Inputs The inputs for the two organizations include employees, facilities, buildings, equipment, laboratories, capital, energy, information and managerial. Some of these inputs are standardized for a particular organization while others are common in both organizations. For example, Bakers Pride has High-speed machinery which can accomplish the kneading and ripening processes in a matter of seconds while as Blantyre Adventist Hospital has equipments like anaesthesia machines, vital signs monitor surgical tables. These equipments are for specific purposes within their organisations but their degree of flexibility is not the same. For example the equipments for Bakers Pride are specifically for production of bread and other confectioneries while the equipments for Blantyre Adventist Hospital can be used on many patients according to doctors’ need for specific information. This also shows that the equipments used at Blantyre Adventist Hospital are mostly used to provide information to the doctors while the equipments used at Bakers Pride Limited are for production of goods. The inputs for Apart from sliced white bread, the company also offers myriad wheat breads and multigrain breads and snacks. Raw Materials In producing its products, Bakers Pride uses three basic ingredients: grain, water, and bakers yeast. The grain is ground according to the type of bread being made. All grains are composed of three parts: bran (the hard outer layer), germ (the reproductive component), and endosperm (the soft inner core). All three parts are ground together to make whole wheat and rye breads. To make white flour, the bran and the germ must be removed. Since bran and germ contain much of the nutrients in grain, the white flour is often enriched with vitamins and minerals. Some white flour has also been fortified with fiber and calcium. The grinding of the grain takes place at grain mills and then sold to the bakery in bulk. The bakery keeps the grains in storage sacks until they are ready to be used. In the baking factory, water and yeast are mixed with the flour to make dough. Additional ingredients such as salt, fat, sugar, honey, raisins and nuts are also added in the factory. The Manufacturing Process Mixing and kneading the dough Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is the coordination of production, inventory, location and transportation among the participants in a supply chain to achieve the best mix of responsiveness and for the market being served media. wiley. com/product data/excerpt/72/04712351/0471235172. pdf accessed on 30th June, 2011media. wiley. com/product data/excerpt/72/04712351/0471235172. pdf accessed on 30th June, 2011 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 1. Degree of customer contact By its nature, services at BAH involve a much higher degree of customer contact than manufacturing. The performance of a service often occurs at the point of consumption. For example a surgery at BAH requires the presence of the surgeon and the patient. On the other hand, manufacturing allows a separation between production and consumption. This means that manufacturing process of Bakers, Pride Bakery can occur away from the consumer. 2. Uniformity of input Service operations are subject to greater variability of inputs than typical manufacturing operations. Each patient at the hospital presents a specific problem that has to be diagnosed before it can be treated and remedied. Manufacturing operations often have the ability to carefully control the amount of variability of inputs and thus achieve low variability in outputs. Consequently, job requirements for Bakers’ Pride are more uniform than services at BAH. 3. Labour content of jobs. Services at BAH involve a higher labour content than products of Baker’s Pride. 4. Uniformity of output. Due to higher automation in processing its products at Baker’s Pride, there is low variability and processing tends to be smooth and efficient. At BAH, activities sometimes appear to be slow and awkward although in some instances the processing is automated for example in identifying the patient’s records. As a result output is more variable. . Measurement of productivity. Measurement of productivity at Baker’s Pride is more straightforward due to the high degree of uniformity of most products. At BAH variations in demand intensity and in requirements from job to job productivity measurement considerably more difficult. For example productivity of two doctors. One may have a large number of routine cases like laboratory tests or ex r ay while the other will not have all these routines. Productivity of the two doctors will appear different and difficult to measure. 6. Production and delivery. Patients receive the services as they are being performed. Bakery products can be stored are transported between geographical areas. 7. Quality assurance. Quality assurance is more challenging in services where production and consumption occur at the same time. Moreover, the higher variability of input creates additional opportunity for the quality of output to suffer unless quality assurance is actively managed. Quality at the point of creation is typically more evident for services than for manufacturing where errors can be corrected before the customer receives the output. 8. Amount of inventory. Manufacturing systems usually have more inventories on hand (e. g. raw materials, finished goods) than service organizations. Nonetheless, both Baker’s Pride and BAH carry at least some items in inventory that are necessary for the operation of their business (e. g. office supplies). Hence, in spite of differing inventory requirements, managers for both BAH and Baker’s Pride make decisions concerning inventory (e. g. which items to stock, how much, when to reorder). Process and capacity design Process selection refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized. It has major implications for capacity planning, layout of facilities, equipment and design of works systems (W. J. Stevenson, 5th ed. : 217). Process design is frequently a process of adopting the appropriate systems for particular circumstances and of balancing the productivity/flexibility dilemmas like creation of customer satisfaction, controlling costs, process flexibility and capital intensity. Job shop, batch and flow are viewed as the three conventional process design options and their implications for production organization and work design are generally accepted. While Blantyre Adventist Hospital uses job shop process, Bakers pride uses batch processing. Being a service organisation, Blantyre Adventist Hospital has a high variety of services which have somewhat different processing requirements. As a result the process is highly flexible and uses general- purpose equipments and mostly skilled workers like doctors and nurses. Bakers Pride on the other hand uses batch processing as the volume and variety of its products are both moderate. However the equipment is not flexible though processing is intermittent like that at Blantyre Adventist Hospital. Scheduling Scheduling is establishing the timing of the use of equipment, facilities, and human activities in an organization (Stevenson W. J. , 8th edition, 655:1). Scheduling occurs in every organization, regardless of the nature of its activities. While Bakers’ Pride must schedule production by developing schedules for workers, equipment, purchases, maintenances, and so on, BAH must schedule admissions, surgery, nursing assignments, and support services such as meal preparation, security, maintenance and cleaning. Doctors and dentists must also schedule appointments. In decision- making hierarchy, scheduling decisions are the final step in the transformation process before actual output occurs. Many decisions about system design and operation have been made long before scheduling decisions. They include the capacity of the system, equipment selection, selection and training of workers and design of products or services. Consequently scheduling decisions are made within the constraints established by many other decisions, making them fairly narrow in scope and latitude. Apart from saving costs for both Bakers’ Pride and BAH, effective scheduling in a hospital can save lives and also become a source of competitive advantage in terms of customer service (shorter wait time) if competitors are less effective with their scheduling. 1. 4. 1 Scheduling operations. The first difference in scheduling between products and services is in scheduling operation.